news 2018

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Clinical trials for preventing Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome may soon be possible thanks to new research from King's College London. The researchers found changes in memory and attention are the earliest signs of Alzheimer's in Down syndrome, and these changes start in the early 40s.

Australian researchers have shown that forearm arteries are more effective in coronary bypass surgery than the commonly used leg vein, in a finding that could improve the prognosis for many heart patients. For more than 20 years Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Professor Alistair Royse and his colleagues have used one of the two arteries in our forearms, the radial artery, which has proven more durable than using veins to bypass blocked arteries near the heart.

Stem-cell transplantation is an effective form of therapy to fight leukemia. In many cases, however, the transferred immune cells of the donor also attack the recipients' healthy tissue ' often with fatal consequences. Researchers at the University of Zurich have now identified a molecule that plays a key role in this process.

Researchers say that new 'mini-placentas' - a cellular model of the early stages of the placenta - could provide a window into early pregnancy and help transform our understanding of reproductive disorders. Details of this new research are published today . The placenta is absolutely essential for supporting the baby as it grows inside the mother.

While this week marks World Antibiotic Awareness Week, experts at the University of Birmingham are carrying out pioneering research to find real world solutions to the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Each November, the World Health Organization (WHO) holds World Antibiotic Awareness Week (WAAW) , running this year from November 12th to 18th, to encourage best practices among the general public, health workers and policy makers to avoid the further emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance.

Injectable material made of nanoscale particles can deliver arthritis drugs throughout cartilage. Osteoarthritis, a disease that causes severe joint pain, affects more than 20 million people in the United States. Some drug treatments can help alleviate the pain, but there are no treatments that can reverse or slow the cartilage breakdown associated with the disease.

UCLA researchers have found that commonly used hormone therapies for women diagnosed with breast cancer do not appear to cause significant cognitive dysfunction following the treatment. Endocrine therapy has become an essential part of treatment for the many women diagnosed with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer, in which hormones, such as estrogen, promote cancer growth.

The 2018 fire season in California gave Stanford experts much to think about, including how the state can develop better policies for preventing fires and new research to better understand the long-term effects of breathing smoky air. Facebook Twitter Email Scenes like this one following a fire in San Diego County are becoming more commonplace in California.

A new discovery reveals how cells decide what to do with misshapen proteins - whether to salvage or destroy them - and could guide research into neurodegenerative diseases and other cellular processes. Facebook Twitter Email Proteins are the workhorses of our cells, carrying out essential tasks to keep our cells - and our bodies - functioning properly.

Training domestic violence and abuse (DVA) advocates to deliver psychological support to women experiencing DVA could significantly improve the health of those affected. In a randomised controlled trial led by researchers from the University of Bristol, women who received the intervention showed reduced symptoms of psychological distress, depression and post-traumatic stress compared to those who received just advocacy.

Every year, three to five million people around the world suffer from severe illness caused by influenza, primarily during the months of November through March. Now a new study by researchers from several universities including UC San Diego, published earlier this month in ACS Central Science , suggests a novel approach for combatting this sometimes deadly virus.

When it comes to the well-being of coral reefs, for many years scientists focused on bleaching , an event that can endanger corals and the diverse marine ecosystems that they support. In bleaching, high temperatures or other stressors cause corals to expel Symbiodinium , the beneficial, brightly colored microbes that would normally share excess energy and nutrients with corals.

A global team of researchers has found the first common genetic risk factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a complex condition affecting around 1 in 20 children. Professor Anita Thapar, from Cardiff University, who leads an ADHD research group as part of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, said: "This study marks a very important step in beginning to understand the genetic and biological underpinnings of ADHD.

Searching through the mountains of published cancer research could be made easier for scientists, thanks to a new AI system. As a cancer researcher, even if you knew what you were looking for, there are literally thousands of papers appearing every day Anna Korhonen The system, called LION LBD and developed by computer scientists and cancer researchers at the University of Cambridge, has been designed to assist scientists in the search for cancer-related discoveries.

Eighteen researchers at the University of Bristol have been named in the annual Highly Cited Researchers 2018 List, which recognises influential researchers around the world. Now in its fifth year, the citation analysis identifies those who have published a high number of papers that rank in the top one per cent most cited works in their field.

A drug treatment, already approved for use in patients, could offer new hope for some patients with brain bleeding and strokes. New research, led by the University of Glasgow and published today in Human Molecular Genetics , has shown that the compound sodium phenyl butyric acid could be used to reduce brain bleeding which can cause strokes when it is caused by a defect in a gene called collagen IV.

Reducing stigma may address cognitive impairment in this population A new study has drawn a direct link between the amount of stigma men with HIV report experiencing and their scores on cognitive tests, measuring abilities such as memory and attention. The study, by researchers from the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (The Neuro), McGill University, and the McGill University Health Centre tested 512 older Caucasian men living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), drawn from clinics across Canada and part of the Positive Brain Health Now cohort.

Concerns raised about efficacy of off-label use of already approved drugs A new paper published by McGill University researchers in JAMA Internal Medicine suggests that some clinical trials may promote the use of ineffective and costly treatments. That's the opposite of what clinical trials are aimed at, namely preventing ineffective and costly treatments from being taken up by physicians and patients.

For News Media FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 11/26/18 × Three cross-section images of nerve tissue from cats shows nerve cell axons (nearly white) surrounded by sheaths of myelin (dark gray to black). Mature myelin coatings are thick. Thin lines of myelin reveal axons that lost their myelin to disease, and were re-sheathed by neighboring oligodendrocyte cells (appearing in medium gray).