news 2022

The computing power of quantum computers is currently still very low. Increasing it is currently still proving to be a major challenge. Physicists at the University of Innsbruck now present a new architecture for a universal quantum computer that overcomes such limitations and could be the basis for building the next generation of quantum computers in the near future.

Using machine learning and simple X-ray spectra, researchers can uncover compounds that might enable next-generation computer chips or quantum devices. Topological materials, an exotic class of materials whose surfaces exhibit different electrical or functional properties than their interiors, have been a hot area of research since their experimental realization in 2007 - a finding that sparked further research and precipitated a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2016.

UT researcher Kingsley Kumah optimised a machine learning algorithm to improve the resolution of rainfall predictions using satellite data. To train his algorithm, Kumah used rainfall information gathered with phone signals. This technology enables measurements in places that are difficult to access.

How Do You Solve a Problem Like a Proton? You Smash It to Smithereens - Then Build It Back Together With Machine Learning Protons are tiny yet they carry a lot of heft. They inhabit the center of every atom in the universe and play a critical role in one of the strongest forces in Nature. And yet, protons have a down-to-earth side, too.

By Birgit Baustädter Researchers at TU Graz have for the first time reproduced the function of vision on a detailed model of the mouse brain. Until now, brain structures could be modelled, but it was not possible to perform specific functions.

Scientists at TU Ilmenau have succeeded in improving the accuracy of data evaluations for forecasting weather events, among other things, by up to 80 percent. In the scientific publication ,,Flipped Classroom - Effective Teaching for Time Series Forecasting", which was published in October, Prof. Patrick Mäder, head of the department Data-intensive Systems and Visualization, and Philipp Teutsch, research associate at the same department, present their research results on the training of recurrent neural networks.

Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to replace optical and mechanical components, researchers have designed a tiny spectrometer that breaks all current resolution records. We see light and colours around us every day. However, to analyse the information it carries, we must analyse light using spectrometers, in the lab.

INaturalist app users play a significant role in helping researchers create global maps of plant traits <p><strong>Leipzig. Missing knowledge in the global distribution of plant traits could be filled with data from species identification apps. Researchers from Leipzig University, the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and other institutions were able to demonstrate this based on data from the popular iNaturalist app.

A new method uses optics to accelerate machine-learning computations on smart speakers and other low-power connected devices. Ask a smart home device for the weather forecast, and it takes several seconds for the device to respond. One reason this latency occurs is because connected devices don't have enough memory or power to store and run the enormous machine-learning models needed for the device to understand what a user is asking of it.

Mathematician Alessio Gallucci improves the mapping of human skin by using models and deep learning. With just a scan of your face and a little basic data, such as height and weight, mathematician Alessio Gallucci can produce a complete body scan. To improve the 3D analysis of our skin he used deep learning techniques.

Chemical engineers at EPFL have developed a machine-learning model that can accurately predict the heat capacity of the versatile metal-organic framework materials. The work shows that the overall energy costs of carbon-capture processes could be much lower than expected. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of materials that contain nano-sized pores.

Birdwatchers beware! The next few weeks are all about crane migration. When the wind is just right, sometimes thousands of "cranes" fly over the Netherlands. But even with those numbers, it is not easy to spot them. That is why Dr Koen de Koning, in collaboration with Sensing Clues, developed an app that works as a 'rainfall radar for cranes'.

Quantum computing systems could be made more stable and efficient thanks to a discovery about the way some atomic particles behave. The University of Leeds' Theoretical Physics Research Group has come up with a new way of making quantum particles defy the rules of statistical physics by utilising a special quantum computing device.

People in deprived city areas tend to have less services available than inhabitants in wealthier parts. They have less access to urban infrastructure such as pharmacies, libraries, sports clubs and even public transport in their neighbourhood. Reversing this tendency is a priority for today's policy-makers.

New technique could enable processing speeds a million to a billion times faster than today's computers and spur progress in many-body physics Study: Attosecond clocking of correlations between Bloch electrons (DOI: 10.1038/s41586'022 -05190-2) (available when embargo lifts) The key to maximizing traditional or quantum computing speeds lies in our ability to understand how electrons behave in solids, and a collaboration between the University of Michigan and the University of Regensburg captured electron movement in attoseconds-the fastest speed yet.

In a pilot project, machine learning is helping to develop materials for hydrogen storage, for example. Artificial intelligence is opening up new possibilities in the development of new materials. Particularly in the search for materials for special applications such as high-entropy alloys, which contain several components in roughly equal proportions, machine learning could support research.

A system for monitoring motion and muscle engagement could aid the elderly and athletes during unsupervised physical rehabilitation for injuries or impaired mobility. A growing number of people are living with conditions that could benefit from physical rehabilitation - but there aren't enough physical therapists (PTs) to go around.

Computer security experts have developed a system capable of guessing computer and smartphone users' passwords in seconds by analysing the traces of heat their fingertips leave on keyboards and screens. Researchers from the University of Glasgow developed the system, called ThermoSecure, to demonstrate how falling prices of thermal imaging cameras and rising access to machine learning are creating new risks for 'thermal attacks.' Thermal attacks can occur after users type their passcode on a computer keyboard, smartphone screen or ATM keypad before leaving the device unguarded.

Science, Health & Technology Alex Walls UBC graduate students trained computers to "read" news articles about landslides on Reddit to bolster a NASA database, which could improve predictions of when and where these natural disasters will occur. For their Master of Data Science in Computational Linguistics capstone project, Badr Jaidi and his team, the Social Landslides group, trained computers to automatically extract useful information from relevant news articles about landslides that were posted to Reddit.

Greater availability of de-identified patient health data would enable better treatments and diagnostics, the researchers say. In recent years, scientists have made great strides in their ability to develop artificial intelligence algorithms that can analyze patient data and come up with new ways to diagnose disease or predict which treatments work best for different patients.