Racial bias is no ’false alarm’ in policingStudy: Detecting bias in traffic searches: Examining false searches of innocent drivers Black drivers are more frequently searched during traffic stops without finding contraband than white drivers, according to a University of Michigan study. Institute for Social Research scientists Maggie Meyer and Richard Gonzalez analyzed data from 98 million traffic stops, and showed that innocent Black drivers were likely to be searched about 3.4 to 4.5 percent of the time while innocent white drivers were likely to be searched about 1.9 to 2.7 percent of the time.