A new technique identifies and removes the training examples that contribute most to a machine-learning model's failures. Machine-learning models can fail when they try to make predictions for individuals who were underrepresented in the datasets they were trained on. For instance, a model that predicts the best treatment option for someone with a chronic disease may be trained using a dataset that contains mostly male patients.

An international team of researchers from the AMAP laboratory (Botany and Modeling of Plant and Vegetation Architecture), under the auspices of the University of Montpellier and INRAE, has investigated the consequences of deforestation and degradation of tropical forests. The study, published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution on December 10, identified "winning" and "losing" species, leading to the functional impoverishment of tropical forest ecosystems.

An international team of researchers involving the University of Bern has investigated the consequences of deforestation and degradation of tropical forests. They were able to show that there are "winner" and "loser" species, whereby the displacement of the "losers" can lead to a decline in the ecological functions of tropical forests.

Wildfires have turned the Far North into a carbon emitter, putting the region's permafrost at risk, according to an alarming new report co-authored by UdeM researcher Oliver Sonnentag. Increasingly frequent and severe wildfires have become a yearly concern for many Arctic communities, and a chapter of a new U.S. report involving one Canadian university - Université de Montréal - suggests that they are also having a significant impact on carbon emissions in the region.

Space mission "BepiColombo" delivers data from the innermost planet in our solar system for the first time On December 1, 2024, the BepiColombo mission flew past Mercury for the fifth time and has now become the first spacecraft to observe the surface in the mid-infrared using the MERTIS ("Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer") infrared spectrometer.

The short-term boost our brains get after we do exercise persists throughout the following day, suggests a new study led by UCL researchers. Previous research in a laboratory setting has shown that people's cognitive performance improves in the hours after exercise, but how long this benefit lasts is unknown.

A groundbreaking navigation device can help people with visual impairment perform a location task as well as sighted people, new research shows. Researchers from Imperial College London, working with the company MakeSense Technology and the charity Bravo Victor, have developed a shape-changing device called Shape that helps people with visual impairment navigate through haptic perception - the way people understand information about objects through touch.

A Spanish team led from the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) has observed the formation of a new quantum state in ultrathin materials by cooling a Mott insulator below 11 Kelvin. This finding, published in Nature Communications , could revolutionize the development of superconductors and next-generation electronic devices, marking a milestone in materials science.

As much as targeted therapy using so-called EGFR inhibitors has proven its worth for various types of tumours, possible side effects can be very stressful for patients. Scarring alopecia - permanent hair loss that can only be delayed but not reversed - is particularly cause for concern. Researchers at MedUni Vienna have now identified JAK inhibitors as active substances that can reactivate hair growth.

McGill-led researchers developed a model of the factors that go into citizens' calculations about whether to bribe officials, information that can help authorities fight corruption. Even in countries where corruption is rife, "bribery is situational, and people consider lots of different elements when they are considering whether to give a bribe," explained Aaron Erlich , an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at McGill and one of three co-authors of a recent paper in Comparative Political Studies .

New research has revealed less than a quarter of the remaining tropical rainforests around the globe can safeguard thousands of threatened species from extinction. The research, co-authored by The University of Queensland's Professor James Watson , evaluated the global availability of structurally intact, minimally disturbed tropical rainforests for more than 16,000 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

These small particles are reminiscent of paper flowers or desert roses. Physicians can use them to guide medicines to a precise destination within the body. Better yet, the particles can easily be tracked using ultrasound as they scatter sound waves. How can medicines be directed to the precise location within the body where they need to act? Scientists have been researching this question for a long time.

University of Birmingham researchers have found that biomass burning contributes significantly to fine particulate matter levels in the region. Woodburning has a major impact on air quality in Birmingham and the West Midlands - accounting for a substantial proportion of all fine pollution particles and representing a significant risk to public health, a new study reveals.

Identifying optimal catalyst materials for specific reactions is crucial to advance energy storage technologies and sustainable chemical processes. To screen catalysts, scientists must understand systems' adsorption energy, something that machine learning (ML) models, particularly graph neural networks (GNNs), have been successful at predicting.

Using South Korea as an example, researchers also find general war experiences may have opposite effect Study: Can a Sense of Shared War Experience Increase Refugee Acceptance? (DOI: 10. Highlighting shared wartime experiences can foster greater acceptance of refugees, according to new research from the University of Michigan.

Chronic diseases like diabetes are prevalent, costly, and challenging to treat. A common denominator driving them may be a promising new therapeutic target. Chronic diseases like Type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders have a huge impact on humanity. They are a leading cause of disease burden and deaths around the globe, are physically and economically taxing, and the number of people with such diseases is growing.

In people with opioid use disorder, Yale researchers found several opioid receptor-rich brain regions where both volume and function were altered. Brain volume and function are altered in individuals with opioid use disorder, a new Yale study finds. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI), researchers observed the alterations in several brain regions, some of which differed between men and women.

Using LLMs to convert machine-learning explanations into readable narratives could help users make better decisions about when to trust a model. Machine-learning models can make mistakes and be difficult to use, so scientists have developed explanation methods to help users understand when and how they should trust a model's predictions.

Visiting USask research team and Biogeoscience Institute educators deepen our understanding of water movement and flooding impacts in Sibbald Valley The beaver is a well-known symbol associated with Canada.

On the banks of the Rhône, at the foot of the Massif du Malpas, a team of Inrap archaeologists has excavated part of an ancient spa area, occupied between the 1st and 4th centuries AD.