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Study: Soil respiration response to decade-long warming modulated by soil moisture in a boreal forest The soils of northern forests are key reservoirs that help keep the carbon dioxide that trees inhale and use for photosynthesis from making it back into the atmosphere. But a unique experiment led by Peter Reich of the University of Michigan is showing that, on a warming planet, more carbon is escaping the soil than is being added by plants.

As the human population grows, more than half of Earth's land will experience an increasing overlap between humans and animals by 2070, according to a University of Michigan study. Greater human-wildlife overlap could lead to more conflict between people and animals, say the U-M researchers. But understanding where the overlap is likely to occur-and which animals are likely to interact with humans in specific areas-will be crucial information for urban planners, conservationists and countries that have pledged international conservation commitments.

It's a step toward smart coatings that change color-or other properties-on the fly Study: Engineering and direct imaging of nanocube self-assembly pathways (DOI: 10.1038/s44286'024 -00102-9) A view into how nanoscale building blocks can rearrange into different organized structures on command is now possible with an approach that combines an electron microscope, a small sample holder with microscopic channels, and computer simulations, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Michigan and Indiana University.

Study: Auditory cortex encodes lipreading information through spatially distributed activity Lip-read words can be decoded from the brain's auditory regions similarly to heard speech, according to a new University of Michigan report that looked at how vision supports verbal perception. Researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrodes implanted in the patients' brains to show that watching someone speak when you can't hear them (lip reading) activates auditory regions of the brain in ways similar to real speech.

Study: Longitudinal associations of e-cigarette use with cigarette, marijuana, and other drug use initiation among US adolescents and young adults: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health study U.S. teens and young adults who vape are much more likely to start smoking cigarettes or to begin using cannabis or other drugs, a new University of Michigan study found.

New approach could offer those with food allergies another option besides avoidance Study: Immunotherapy with biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating the oligosaccharide galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose enhance immune tolerance against alpha-gal sensitization in a murine model of alpha-gal syndrome (DOI: 10.3389/falgy.

Study: Green hydrogen pathways, energy efficiencies and intensities for ground, air, and marine transport (DOI: 10.1016/j.joule. Green hydrogen is emerging as an important potential solution for decarbonizing transportation, but new energy efficiency findings indicate that it should be used strategically in heavy-duty road, rail, aviation and marine transportation, a University of Michigan study shows.

Study: Diverse Paths To College Success: The Impact Of Massachusetts' Urban And Nonurban Charter Schools On College Trajectories Student test scores are not the only indicator of future college success. New research led by University of Michigan education economist Sarah Cohodes provides insights into how different K-12 educational environments shape college preparation, enrollment and graduation outcomes.

A temporary, pandemic-era expansion of the Child Tax Credit improved housing affordability for families with low incomes, according to University of Michigan research. The study by Natasha Pilkauskas and Katherine Michelmore , associate professors of public policy, and Nicole Kovski, a former U-M postdoctoral fellow now at the University of Wisconsin, found that parents who got the monthly credit were less likely to owe past-due rent or mortgage payments and they were less likely to need to move because they couldn't afford their housing.

Study: Genome and life-history evolution link bird diversification to the end-Cretaceous extinction (DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp0114) Shortly after an asteroid slammed into Earth 66 million years ago, life for non-avian dinosaurs ended, but the evolutionary story for the early ancestors of birds began.

Study: Does Income Affect Health? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Guaranteed Income Study: The Employment Effects of a Guaranteed Income: Experimental Evidence from Two U.S. States Guaranteed income programs don't appear to improve the health of recipients, but they remain an important tool to consider for reducing poverty, according to research from University of Michigan and others.

Study: Comparative Effects of Advanced Footwear Technology in Track Spikes and Road-Racing Shoes on Running Economy Related: Bonjour Paris! U-M experts can discuss Olympic Games Since athletes in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics smashed multiple records in track and field, running enthusiasts and exercise physiologists have speculated on what role new-generation high-tech running spikes-sometimes called super spikes-played.

S-shaped bends in the sun's magnetic field don't form at the sun's surface, like some scientists thought, and can't directly heat the sun's corona Study: In-situ Mechanisms Are Necessary for Switchback Formation (DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad60bc) By diving into the sun's corona, NASA's Parker Solar Probe has ruled out S-shaped bends in the sun's magnetic field as a cause of the corona's searing temperatures, according to University of Michigan research published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Study: Adolescent use, diversion sources, and perceived difficulty of obtaining prescription medications (DOI: 10.1001/jama. Since 2009, U.S. high school seniors have reported steep declines in medical use, misuse and availability of the three most commonly prescribed and misused controlled substances for teens, a new University of Michigan study found.

Study: Psychosocial Well-Being Differences Between the Young Old, Old-Old, and Oldest Old: A Global Comparison The oldest North Americans are among the happiest in the world despite increased depression and loneliness among their peers in other regions, according to a recent University of Michigan study.

Study: Go Negative for Clicks: Negative Sentiment in Environmental Advocacy Emails Is Associated with Increased Public Engagement People find it hard to resist negative messages. A recent University of Michigan study reveals that recipients are more likely to engage with emails containing negative sentiment sent by the Environmental Defense Fund, a U.S. based nonprofit organization.

Taking advantage of the transformer neural networks that power large language models, engineers can get recipes for materials with the optical properties they need Study: OptoGPT: A foundation model for inverse design in optical multilayer thin film structures (DOI: 10.29026/oea. Solar cell, telescope and other optical component manufacturers may be able to design better devices more quickly with AI.

Researchers at the University of Michigan have found a way to examine tiny structures, such as bacteria and genes, with reduced damage compared to traditional light sources. The new technique involves spectroscopy, which is the study of how matter absorbs and emits light and other forms of radiation, and it takes advantage of quantum mechanics to study the structure and dynamics of molecules in ways that are not possible using conventional light sources.

A shift in Antarctica's melting trends and slushy Arctic ice pushes warming from changing sea ice toward the upper limits of climate model estimates Study: Earth's Sea Ice Radiative Effect from 1980 to 2023 (DOI: 10.1029/2024GL109608) As sea ice disappears and grows less reflective, the Arctic has lost around a quarter of its cooling power since 1980, and the world has lost up to 15%, according to new research led by University of Michigan scientists.

Research shows far-reaching costs of eviction filings to tenants-regardless of the outcome in court Study: Record Costs: Collateral Consequences of Eviction Court Filings in Pennsylvania A new study from the University of Michigan documents the far-reaching costs of eviction filings for Pennsylvania tenants who had eviction cases filed against them but experienced a "best-case scenario- in court, meaning they had legal representation and their cases were dismissed, withdrawn, or won.