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Computer Science - 26.05.2023

Safe Aid: Protecting privacy in humanitarian operations
Researchers have worked with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to develop a first of its kind, digital system to support humanitarian aid distribution. The design uses tokens to decentralize the storage and processing of recipients information, reducing the risk of harm, and uses advanced cryptography to enable accountability.

Computer Science - Mathematics - 26.05.2023

’For very small problem sizes a classical computer is faster’
In theory, quantum computers vastly outperform classical computers in terms of computing speed. For them to do so in practice, it is necessary to design more and novel high-speed algorithms, says ETH supercomputing specialist Torsten Hoefler. Quantum computers promise to be capable of solving some computational problems much faster than classical computers.

Computer Science - Mathematics - 25.05.2023

Probabilistic AI that knows how well it’s working
It's more important than ever for artificial intelligence to estimate how accurately it is explaining data. Despite their enormous size and power, today's artificial intelligence systems routinely fail to distinguish between hallucination and reality. Autonomous driving systems can fail to perceive pedestrians and emergency vehicles right in front of them, with fatal consequences.

Computer Science - Innovation - 24.05.2023

The link between artificial intelligence (AI) and software engineering
Developments are rapid around data, algorithms, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), especially since the launch of ChatGPT late last year. Software engineering is highly relevant here, because AI systems are essentially made up of software, and also because the two fields influence each other.

Computer Science - 24.05.2023

Largest study of video games reveals men say twice as much as women
Researchers have found a stark gender imbalance after carrying out the largest-ever study of video game dialogue, published today. The research, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science , analysed more than 13,000 video-game characters and found that men speak twice as much as women. The study, led by Dr Stephanie Rennick at the University of Glasgow and Dr Seán G. Roberts at Cardiff University, performed the first large-scale test of gender imbalance in the dialogue of 50 role-playing video games (RPGs).

Computer Science - Physics - 24.05.2023

A better way to match 3D volumes
By mapping the volumes of objects, rather than their surfaces, a new technique could yield solutions to computer graphics problems in animation and CAD. In computer graphics and computer-aided design (CAD), 3D objects are often represented by the contours of their outer surfaces. Computers store these shapes as "thin shells," which model the contours of the skin of an animated character but not the flesh underneath.

Computer Science - 23.05.2023

Researchers successfully apply quantum computing in practice
Compared to classical computers, quantum computers can solve complex problems in parallel and thus faster, but they are also more prone to errors. ZHAW researchers show how a hybrid approach can be used to exploit the strengths of quantum computers in a targeted manner. Quantum computers not only know the state 0 and 1, but can also represent several states between 0 and 1 by means of so-called qubits - analogous to bits of classical computers - and thus calculate many possible results simultaneously.

Computer Science - 23.05.2023

AI to identify similar materials in images
This machine-learning method could assist with robotic scene understanding, image editing, or online recommendation systems. A robot manipulating objects while, say, working in a kitchen, will benefit from understanding which items are composed of the same materials. With this knowledge, the robot would know to exert a similar amount of force whether it picks up a small pat of butter from a shadowy corner of the counter or an entire stick from inside the brightly lit fridge.

Computer Science - 17.05.2023

A better way to study ocean currents
A new machine-learning model makes more accurate predictions about ocean currents, which could help with tracking plastic pollution and oil spills, and aid in search and rescue. To study ocean currents, scientists release GPS-tagged buoys in the ocean and record their velocities to reconstruct the currents that transport them.

Computer Science - Innovation - 15.05.2023

Can’t find your phone? There’s a robot for that
May 15, 2023 Robots can help find objects you've lost, thanks to new 'artificial memory' Engineers at the University of Waterloo have discovered a new way to program robots to help people with dementia locate medicine, glasses, phones and other objects they need but have lost. And while the initial focus is on assisting a specific group of people, the technology could someday be used by anyone who has searched high and low for something they've misplaced.

Physics - Computer Science - 12.05.2023

Harnessing Machine Learning to Make Complex Systems More Energy Efficient
Getting something for nothing doesn't work in physics. But it turns out that, by thinking like a strategic gamer, and with some help from a demon, improved energy efficiency for complex systems like data centers might be possible. In computer simulations, Stephen Whitelam of the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ÜBerkeley Lab) used neural networks (a type of machine learning model that mimics human brain processes) to train nanosystems, which are tiny machines about the size of molecules, to work with greater energy efficiency.

Social Sciences - Computer Science - 12.05.2023

University of Toronto researchers developing AI system to tackle harmful social media content
Hate speech and misinformation on social media can have a devastating impact, particularly on marginalized communities. But what if we used artificial intelligence to combat such harmful content? That's the goal of a team of University of Toronto researchers who were awarded a  Catalyst Grant  by the Data Sciences Institute  (DSI) to develop an AI system to address the marginalization of communities in data-centric systems - including social media platforms such as Twitter.

Health - Computer Science - 11.05.2023

Better than Humans: Artificial Intelligence in Intensive Care Units
An artificial intelligence developed at TU Wien (Vienna) can suggest appropriate treatment steps in cases of blood poisoning. The computer has already surpassed humans in this respect. In the future, artificial intelligence will play an important role in medicine. In diagnostics, successful tests have already been performed: for example, the computer can learn to categorise images with great accuracy according to whether they show pathological changes or not.

Computer Science - 10.05.2023

AI models fail to reproduce human judgements about rule violations
Models trained using common data-collection techniques judge rule violations more harshly than humans would, researchers report. In an effort to improve fairness or reduce backlogs, machine-learning models are sometimes designed to mimic human decision making, such as deciding whether social media posts violate toxic content policies.

Computer Science - Life Sciences - 09.05.2023

Training machines to learn more like humans do
Researchers identify a property that helps computer vision models learn to represent the visual world in a more stable, predictable way. Imagine sitting on a park bench, watching someone stroll by. While the scene may constantly change as the person walks, the human brain can transform that dynamic visual information into a more stable representation over time.

Physics - Computer Science - 08.05.2023

Artificial intelligence learns to control quantum particles
In quantum research, tailor-made electromagnetic fields are needed to precisely control particles. The TU Vienna has shown that machine learning is an excellent tool for this purpose . Tiny particles can be manipulated with electromagnetic fields: You can capture them, hold them, or move them to a specific location.

Life Sciences - Computer Science - 05.05.2023

Artificial neurons mimic complex brain abilities for next-generation AI computing
Researchers have created atomically thin artificial neurons capable of processing both light and electric signals for computing. The material enables the simultaneous existence of separate feedforward and feedback paths within a neural network, boosting the ability to solve complex problems. For decades, scientists have been investigating how to recreate the versatile computational capabilities of biological neurons to develop faster and more energy-efficient machine learning systems.

Health - Computer Science - 05.05.2023

An automated computer assistant specialized in the diagnosis of transplant rejection
In a recent study published in the journal Nature Medicine , a research team from Université Paris Cité, Inserm and AP-HP, led by Professor Alexandre Loupy at the Centre d'expertise de la transplantation multi-organ de Paris, has created an automated computer assistant that can correct 40% of misdiagnoses of allograft rejection in humans and better guide patient management .

Life Sciences - Computer Science - 05.05.2023

Machine Learning Method Developed by CMU Researchers Illuminates Fundamental Aspects of Evolution
A team of researchers in Carnegie Mellon University's  Computational Biology Department  (CBD) have developed new methods to identify parts of the genome critical to understanding how certain traits of species evolved. The work, and led by School of Computer Science Assistant Professor  Andreas Pfenning , contributes to the  Zoonomia Project , an effort to sequence the entire genomes of 240 mammals to shed light on fundamental aspects of genes and traits with important implications for protecting human health and conserving biodiversity.

Life Sciences - Computer Science - 04.05.2023

Predict what a mouse sees by decoding brain signals
A research team from EPFL has developed a novel machine-learning algorithm that can reveal the hidden structure in data recorded from the brain, predicting complex information such as what mice see. Is it possible to reconstruct what someone sees based on brain signals alone? The answer is no, not yet.