From food flavourings to biofuels, metals are key

We all know that metals like iron and calcium are essential for a healthy body - but our pioneering scientists estimate that almost half of life's processes depend upon various metals interacting with living cells. Fundamental research into how metals bind with proteins and enzymes, and are transported and stored inside animal, plant or microbial cells, is resulting in some extraordinary applications. Durham is leading a network of universities and industry partners to maximise benefits from understanding the role of metals in these processes. Some examples are below. Biofuels: New types of copper-containing enzymes are proving highly efficient at breaking down cellulose in wood and other plant matter, resulting in more efficient production of biofuels. Food flavourings: Hard-to-make food flavourings such as grapefruit are being made more cheaply by a chemical process involving a pure enzyme containing iron. Food products using this technology are being marketed across Europe and Asia.