Gene key for chemically reprogramming human stem cells

Scientists have discovered the gene essential for chemically reprogramming human amniotic stem cells into a more versatile state similar to embryonic stem cells, in research led by UCL and Heinrich Heine University. The finding is an important step towards deriving reprogrammed cells that could be stored and used in therapies and research, providing an ethical alternative to human embryonic stem cells. The study, published today in Molecular Therapy, found that the OCT4 gene needs to be reactivated to allow amniotic fluid cells to be rejuvenated chemically and function like embryonic stem cells within 2-3 weeks. The researchers found that if this gene is not reactivated, then the chemical reprogramming protocol will not be a success. The reprogrammed cells, like embryonic stem cells, are capable of developing into any cell type in the body - a property known as pluripotency. Once treated, the pluripotent cells can develop into functioning cells of many different types, including liver, bone and nerve cells. They also maintain their pluripotent properties after being frozen and thawed.