Resonant mechanism discovery could inspire ultra-thin acoustic absorbers

New research led by academics at the University of Bristol has discovered that the scales on moth wings vibrate and can absorb the sound frequencies used by bats for echolocation (biological sonar). The finding could help researchers develop bioinspired thin and lightweight resonant sound absorbers. Bats exert high predation pressure on nocturnal insects, such as moths. In defence against bat echolocation, the thin layer of tiny scales on moth wings has long been assumed to absorb ultrasound therefore creating acoustic camouflage. The paper, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( PNAS ) , has revealed a biomechanical mechanism that creates acoustic camouflage by resonant sound absorption. Numerical and experimental results both show that an example scale of the Cabbage tree emperor moth ( Bunaea alcinoe ) exhibits its first three resonances in the typical echolocation frequency range of bats. Numerical modelling has confirmed that these resonances can cause absorption of up to 50 per cent of the sound energy at the corresponding frequencies, and act as effective ultrathin sound absorbers that creates acoustic camouflage.