Fossil avatars are transforming palaeontology

Press release issued: 22 May 2014 New techniques for visualizing fossils are transforming our understanding of evolutionary history according to a paper published by leading palaeontologists at the University of Bristol. Palaeontology has traditionally proceeded slowly, with individual scientists labouring for years or even decades over the interpretation of single fossils which they have gradually recovered from entombing rock, sand grain by sand grain, using all manner of dental drills and needles. The introduction of X-ray tomography has revolutionized the way that fossils are studied, allowing them to be virtually extracted from the rock in a fraction of the time necessary to prepare specimens by hand and without the risk of damaging the fossil. The resulting fossil avatars not only reveal internal and external anatomical features in unprecedented and previously unrealized detail, but can also be studied in parallel by collaborating or competing teams of scientists, speeding up the pace at which evolutionary history is revealed. These techniques have enabled palaeontologists to move beyond 'just so stories', explanations for why sauropod dinosaurs had such long necks, for example, by subjecting digital models of the fossils to biomechanical analysis, including using the same computer techniques that engineers use to design test bridges and aircraft. However, the scientists from Bristol's School of Earth Sciences highlight that the potential benefits of fossil avatars are not being realized.