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Around 12,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers in what is now Saudi Arabia created detailed, life-sized rock carvings of camels and other animals on cliffs. Here researchers, including Dr Ceri Shipton (UCL Archaeology), explore what this means for history and archaeology. About 12,000 years ago, high up on a cliff in the desert of northern Arabia, an artist - or perhaps artists - was hard at work.

How do you find objects buried in sand or hidden in thick fog? A team from the Institut Langevin (Paris) and TU Wien (Vienna) has developed an astonishing method. Can we reveal objects that are hidden in environments completely opaque to the human eye? With conventional imaging techniques, the answer is no: a dense cloud or layer of material blocks light so completely that a simple photograph contains no information about what lies behind it.

Researchers from the Institute of Cosmos Sciences of the University of Barcelona (ICCUB) have developed a new framework based on machine learning that significantly improves the resolution of complex differential equations, especially in cases where traditional methods present difficulties. The study, led by experts Pedro Tarancón-Álvarez and Pablo Tejerina-Pérez, has been published in the journal (Nature publishing group).

PROTEOMICS Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have developed a groundbreaking method that allows for the analysis of thousands of proteins in heart tissue. This provides entirely new insights into the characteristics of heart diseases and could pave the way for more targeted treatments. Each year, cardiovascular diseases affect more than 65,000 Danes - conditions that claim the lives of one in five Danes.

Autistic children and adults may be experiencing PTSD at higher rates than official diagnoses suggest, with their symptoms misdiagnosed or dismissed as being autism traits because of 'diagnostic overshadowing,' finds a new analysis by UCL researchers. The study, published in  Clinical Psychology Review , reviewed diagnosed PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) rates in over 190,000 autistic people globally, and compared them with other evidence of PTSD symptoms prevalence.

Study reveals genetic and developmental differences in people with earlier versus later autism diagnosis Researchers find different genetic profiles related to two trajectories that autistic children tend to follow. One linked to early diagnosis, and communication difficulties in infancy. The other linked to later diagnosis, increased social and behavioural difficulties in adolescence, and higher rates of conditions like ADHD, depression, and PTSD.

Research team conducts meta-analysis on the potential of diverse pasture lands for dairy farming Allowing dairy cows to graze on fresh grass in open pastures for a significant proportion of the year seems more natural and sustainable. And there are proven advantages for the environment: stable grasslands promote biodiversity, protect the soil, and support carbon storage.

Saturn's moon Enceladus continuously ejects vast quantities of ice particles into space, originating from its subsurface ocean. Researchers at the University of Stuttgart and Freie Universität Berlin have now chemically analyzed freshly emitted particles originating directly from Enceladus' subsurface ocean.

For the first time, a research team from the Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment at the University of Tübingen and the Schöningen Research Centre have reconstructed the genomes of an extinct horse species Equus mosbachensis from the archaeological site of Schöningen in Lower Saxony, approximately 300,000 years old.

Lukas Röseler on the importance and acceptance of replication studies in science The verification of research results by means of replication studies is decisive for safeguarding the reliability of science. However, such replication studies have not so far attracted a great deal of attention from researchers.

University of Münster researchers develop advanced sensitivity technology in search for dark matter XENONnT experiment in Italy can detect particle interactions with nearly no interference In their search for dark matter, scientists from the XENON Collaboration are using one of the world's most sensitive dark matter detectors, XENONnT at the Gran Sasso Laboratory of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics INFN in Italy, to detect extremely rare particle interactions.

Certain nutrients in food can trigger a mild stress response in nematodes. But instead of making them sick, this actually helps them stay healthier as they age, according to researchers at the University of Basel. People are living longer than ever, but a long life doesn't necessarily mean a healthy one.

Scientists have, for the first time, directly visualised and quantified the protein clusters believed to trigger Parkinson's, marking a major advance in the study of the world's fastest-growing neurological disease. These tiny clusters, called alpha-synuclein oligomers, have long been considered the likely culprits for Parkinson's disease to start developing in the brain, but until now, they have evaded direct detection in human brain tissue.

Using an advanced method, researchers at TU Graz and the Centre for Electron Microscopy have detected plastic in the roots of wheat plants. Whether the particles reach the ears of grain will be shown by further tests. Microplastics and nanoplastics in soils are a growing environmental problem. The extent to which agricultural crops absorb these particles and whether they end up in food has so far been difficult to prove.

A research team working at MedUni Vienna has demonstrated that a specific component of the immune system (PTX-3) remains at significantly higher levels in the blood of patients who have suffered from severe COVID-19, even months after the acute infection has subsided. This study identified PTX-3 as a potential biomarker for existing tissue damage, long-term immune activation and also for complications following COVID-19.

A research team from the University of Valencia (UV), the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has demonstrated, using cognitive neuroscience techniques, that unconscious perceptions of leadership remain associated with male traits, despite more egalitarian conscious evaluations.

Mammals vs birds: Among the 1,176 species studied, female mammals live on average 13 percent longer than males, while among birds, males live about five percent longer than females. Mating strategies play a role: In species with strong competition for mates - as is the case with most mammals - males die earlier.

From cell damage to empty batteries, ISTA chemists put singlet oxygen on a leash Researchers from the Freunberger group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) have unveiled pivotal insights into the redox chemistry of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). While some ROS play essential roles in cell signaling, the particularly harmful singlet oxygen damages cells and degrades batteries.

A new way to treat asthma symptoms and even repair previously irreversible lung damage could be on the horizon following the discovery of a potential new therapeutic target by scientists at the Universities of Aberdeen and Manchester. Current treatments for asthma largely involve controlling the inflammation of lung tissue using steroid inhalers.

How do treatments and socio-economic conditions affect the long-term survival chances of women with breast cancer? That is one of the central questions in the doctoral research of Eva Kimpe, affiliated with the Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER) and the Research Centre for Digital Medicine (Vrije Universiteit Brussel).