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Findings indicate vitamin B3 looks promising to help rearm a compromised immune system Edward (Ed) Waldner had no idea why he didn't feel well, but he knew he didn't feel like himself. At 55 years of age, he felt exhausted all the time. It didn't seem to matter how hard he had worked that day. He wondered if he had sleep apnea.

Scientists report that briefly switching on three "reprogramming" genes in a small set of memory-trace neurons restored memory in aged mice and in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease to level of healthy young animals. Age-related memory decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's are often thought of as irreversible.

Researchers from The Universities of Manchester and Birmingham have identified the exact nerve cells in the brain that drive important behavioural changes in female fruit flies after they mate. The discovery, published in the journal eLife today (insert date), sheds light on how animals integrate sensory information to guide reproduction and has, say the researchers, general implications on understanding the brains' role in reproduction.

Hypertension and diabetes are often associated, greatly increasing the risk of stroke and severe kidney damage. Researchers from Surrey (UK) and Lille (France), working in the "Multi-omics and pathophysiology of metabolic diseases" unit (Inserm/CNRS/Université de Lille/ CHU de Lille/Institut Pasteur Lille), have identified five biological pathways that explain why type 2 diabetes and hypertension coexist so frequently.

Research teams from the Universities of Stuttgart and Würzburg have jointly realised a single photon source that generates photons in the telecommunication C band with unprecedented quality and on demand.

First names in Western countries today are more diverse than they were before early modern states evolved. This difference started to emerge in the 17th century in response to a change that took place in the naming system in large parts of Europe and the English-speaking world. Societies moved away from attributive last names - based on occupation or appearance like John (the) Short - to inherited surnames.

When you talk to a child as an adult, you unconsciously change the way you speak. It is often thought that such adjustments are more difficult for autistic people, but new research shows that this group is initially just as good at it as their non-autistic peers. However, while neurotypical participants gradually adjust these changes during a conversation based on new signals, autistic participants stick to their initial assessment.

For the first time, researchers at the University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, have shown that temperature signals from the skin are processed in the brain, influencing REM sleep and sleep-related disorders. These new findings enhance our understanding of brain-body interactions that regulate sleep and provide novel therapeutic strategies for sleep-wake rhythm disorders, such as narcolepsy.

New radio observations of molecular gas reveal how dozens of galaxies rapidly merge together in the early universe. An international team led by MPIfR researchers used data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to shed light on a central question of galaxy formation. They discovered shock-heated gas in one of the most spectacular aggregations of galaxies in the distant Universe.

Just over one in 10 deaths from a wide range of infectious diseases are associated with obesity worldwide, finds a major new study led by a UCL researcher. People with obesity face a 70% higher risk of hospitalisation or death from an infection than those of a healthy weight, suggest the findings published in The Lancet .

Research based on animal models demonstrates the protective effects of cognitive stimulation, identifies mechanisms for preserving brain function and reveals differences between sexes that point to the need to adapt therapeutic strategies with a gender perspective to address this neurodegenerative pathology.

A team from the University of Geneva has shown that certain antibodies to seasonal flu can also target avian flu. Stimulating these antibodies could strengthen protection in the event of a pandemic. Are seasonal flu antibodies also effective against avian flu? A team from the University of Geneva has shown that a specific type of antibody associated with the former virus-already present throughout the population-may offer baseline protection against the latter.

The new holistic monitoring system developed under the leadership of TU Graz measures boat waves with millimetre precision using satellite navigation data and sensors on buoys and for the first time allows investigations into the extent to which boat traffic, weather and other factors influence the ecosystem of lakes.

Study reveals that shame is more than a symptom, and can lead to other consequences A study by a McGill University research team into the role shame plays in persistent childhood sexual abuse trauma suggests that shame management should be an important part of treatment. According to the team, clinicians should use strategies to normalize disclosure, validate victims' feelings and incorporate resolution techniques into their therapeutic plans.

McGill study finds that persistent feelings of shame are not just a symptom, but may drive other negative outcomes A McGill-led study on the role played by shame in the continuing trauma suffered by survivors of childhood sexual abuse indicates that addressing shame should be a focal point of treatment.

Researchers have uncovered the pivotal role of a previously overlooked protein in the development of the serious illness Hypertension in the lungs is a relatively rare but very serious disease that is usually fatal within two years if left untreated.

Cancer cells that have detached from the original tumor often spread to other organs. There they can either form metastases or remain 'dormant' for years until they wake up. A team of scientists at the University of Freiburg has discovered a mechanism by which cancer cells can be kept dormant by stimulating the immune response.

How does language impact moral dilemmas? Dr Irini Mavrou and Professor Andrea Revesz (both UCL Ioe), along with a colleague, explore the cognitive and emotional processes behind moral judgement by bilingual speakers. If you're bilingual, moral choices can often feel more urgent and emotionally charged in one language yet distant and rational in another.

An understudied group of bacteria in our gut microbiome appears to play a central role in keeping us healthy, according to researchers at the University of Cambridge. These are a fundamental and underappreciated component of human health. Alexandre Almeida In a huge global study led by University of Cambridge researchers, a single group of bacteria - named CAG-170 - has repeatedly shown up in high numbers in the gut microbiomes of healthy people.